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In a unified theory there will not be six mysterious numbers, there will just be one.įor many years now I have invoked string theory as my authority from whence this unification may come. Also, through string theory there may be an underlying principle behind all the fine-tune equations and relationships that will be forthcoming when the grand unified theory of physics is discovered. That's a 1 followed by 500 zeroes possible universes (12 zeroes is a trillion!). According to one model of string theory, there could be 10 500 possible universes, all with different self-consistent laws and constants. One answer to this argument comes from string theory, which holds that the fundamental constituents of matter are vibrating strings of extremely small scale, perhaps even at the unimaginably small Planck length, or 10 -35 meters. Thus, this is not just the best of all possible worlds, it is the only possible world. Λ = 0.7, the cosmological constant, or "antigravity" force that is causing the universe to expand at an accelerating rate, such that if λ were larger, it would have prevented stars and galaxies from forming.Ĭhange these relationships, and stars, planets, and life could not exist. Q,= 1/100,000, the fabric of the universe, such that if Q were smaller, the universe would be featureless, and if Q were larger, the universe would be dominated by giant black holes. N = 1036, the ratio of the strength of gravity to that of electromagnetism, such that if it had just a few less zeros, the universe would be too young and too small for life to evolve. 008, matter could not exist as it does.ĭ = 3, the number of dimensions in which we live, such that if D were 2 or 4, life could not exist. 007, how firmly atomic nuclei bind together, such that if epsilon were. Ω = 1, the amount of matter in the universe, such that if Ω were greater than one, it would have collapsed long ago, and if Ω were less than one, no galaxies would have formed.Į =.
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Indeed, they quote no less a personage than Sir Martin Rees, Britain's Astronomer Royal, who argues in his 2000 book, "Just Six Numbers," that "our emergence from a simple Big Bang was sensitive to six ‘cosmic numbers.' Had these numbers not been ‘well tuned,' the gradual unfolding of layer upon layer of complexity would have been quenched." These six numbers are: In my opinion, the single best argument my debate opponents have is the apparently fine-tuned characteristics of nature.
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#Not even wrong book series
In the face of many books from enthusiasts for string theory, this book presents the other side of the story.As the public spokesperson for the Skeptics Society and Skeptic magazine, I participate in a series of collegiate debates around the country with theologians and intelligent design advocates on the existence (or lack thereof) of a deity or intelligent designer, which may or may not be one and the same. Not Even Wrong explains why the mathematical conditions for progress in physics are entirely absent from superstring theory today and shows that judgments about scientific statements, which should be based on the logical consistency of argument and experimental evidence, are instead based on the eminence of those claiming to know the truth. It makes no predictions, even wrong ones, and this very lack of falsifiability is what has allowed the subject to survive and flourish. In Not Even Wrong, he shows that what many physicists call superstring "theory" is not a theory at all. In Peter Woit's view, superstring theory is just such an idea. Has physics gone off in the wrong direction? Peter Woit presents the other side of the growing debate on string theory-arguing that it's not even scienceĪt what point does theory depart the realm of testable hypothesis and come to resemble something like aesthetic speculation, or even theology? The legendary physicist Wolfgang Pauli had a phrase for such ideas: He would describe them as "not even wrong," meaning that they were so incomplete that they could not even be used to make predictions to compare with observations to see whether they were wrong or not.